In his latest blog, Governor Gabriel Makhlouf argues that economists must adapt their analytical frameworks and expand their focus beyond traditional topics to address emerging challengesโsuch as geopolitical upheaval and defence spendingโin order to provide robust evidence-based policy advice that serves the public interest.
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Central Bank of Ireland has successfully completed the sale of its Spencer Dock (East Wing) building to the Office of Public Works for โฌ23.7m. The sale of Spencer Dock was a key element of the Central Bankโs longer term property strategy aligned to our decision to develop a single Dockland Campus through the purchase of our North Wall Quay building and subsequent purchase of our Mayor Street building. This sale of the East Wing, to Office of Public Works on 22 January 2026, follows the earlie...
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DEV Limited (CLONE) - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Alan Finance Group (Clone) - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Doherty Bergin Financial Services Ltd (Clone) - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Central Bank of Ireland and Banca dโItalia are launching the Innovation Data Challenge 2026, a joint initiative designed to foster cutting-edge research and innovation in the retail payments sector. The Challenge reflects the shared commitment of the two Institutions to promoting applied research, international collaboration, and the responsible use of data and technology to shape the future of payments. The initiative brings together leading Irish and Italian universities, including Universi...
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Introduction Good morning and thank you to Michael for inviting me to speak at the Compliance Instituteโs Annual General Meeting. It is always a real pleasure to engage with compliance professionals. At the Central Bank, we recognise the essential role played by the compliance community in ensuring that financial firms are well-run and contributing to a financial system that is trusted and resilient. We also recognise the important role played by the compliance institute, equipping those work...
This speech by Gerry Cross, Director of Capital Markets and Funds at the Central Bank of Ireland (CBI), outlines key supervisory priorities including securing customers' interests via the revised Consumer Protection Code, Individual Accountability Framework (IAF) implementation, regulatory simplification, resilience, technology leverage, and an evolving outcomes-focused supervision approach. It matters because it signals CBI's expectations for compliance professionals to drive these outcomes in firms, emphasizing proportionality and ongoing engagement amid regulatory evolution. Compliance teams must integrate these themes to align with CBI's shift toward less process-driven, more effective oversight.
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What Changed
Revised Consumer Protection Code: Introduces new Standards for Business, building on the Code reviewed with industry input; focuses on delivering good outcomes for consumers and the economy.
Individual Accountability Framework (IAF): Implemented 18 months prior (circa mid-2024); enhances clarity on responsibilities, supports governance, and aligns with outcomes-focused regulation rather than enforcement-heavy approaches.
Supervisory Approach Evolution: Shifting in 2025-2026 to risk-based, outcom
What You Need To Do
- Implement Revised Consumer Protection Code
- Adopt Outcomes-Focused Practices
- Engage with CBI
- Leverage Technology
Key Dates
24 March 2026 - Revised Consumer Protection Code comes into force; firms must ensure full readiness and ongoing embedding of provisions, including new Standards for Business. DEADLINE
January 2026 speech).
Compliance Impact
Urgency: Medium. This speech reinforces imminent obligations like the 24 March 2026 Consumer Protection Code effective date (less than 2 months from speech/publication), requiring immediate readiness checks, but lacks new rules or critical enforcement threats. It matters for long-term alignment with
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Invesco Investment Management Limited (CLONE) - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Harbor Valtrixโ Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Solunar Finance Holdings Limited (Clone) โ Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Economics Winter Workshop 2025: Opening Remarks by Governor Gabriel Makhlouf
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In this, his final blog for 2025, Governor Gabriel Makhlouf reflects on Ireland and the euro areaโs economic performance and looks ahead to 2026, drawing on the Quarterly Bulletin and latest eurosystem staff projections published this week.
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MDD is projected to grow by just below 4 per cent in 2025. From 2026 to 2028, MDD is forecast to grow at an annual average rate of 2.9 per cent per annum. More positive momentum in MNE investment amid lower uncertainty contrasts with slower pace of growth in domestic sectors and cooling of the labour market as drag from capacity constraints becomes evident. Outlook for slightly higher overall inflation, as underlying services price growth more persistent at a higher rate than pre-pandemic. Th...
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Tava Loans - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Ava Credit Finance - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Mr Philip Smith, former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Executive Director of RSA Insurance Ireland DAC disqualified for 13 years by the Central Bank of Ireland for his admitted participation in a breach of financial services law by RSAII On 1 December 2025 the Central Bank of Ireland reprimanded Mr Smith and disqualified him for 13 years from being a person concerned in the management of a regulated financial service provider for his participation in a breach by RSA Insurance Ireland DAC (...
The Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) reprimanded and disqualified former RSA Insurance Ireland DAC (RSAII) CEO Philip Smith for 13 years from management roles in regulated financial service providers due to his admitted role in under-reserving large loss claims, breaching Article 13(1)(a) of the European Communities (Non-Life Insurance) Framework Regulations 1994 (S.I. No. 359/1994). This enforcement action underscores CBI's commitment to individual accountability for senior executives who circumvent controls, risking policyholder protection and firm solvency, as evidenced by RSAII's subsequent need for a major capital injection. It matters for compliance professionals as it demonstrates CBI's use of prolonged disqualifications and inquiries under the Administrative Sanctions Procedure (ASP) to deter governance failures in insurance firms.
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What Changed
This is not a regulatory change or new requirement but an enforcement precedent reinforcing existing obligations under the 1994 Regulations for insurers to maintain adequate technical reserves reflecting true liabilities. It highlights CBI's focus on senior executive accountability for deliberate policy circumvention, such as undocumented processes overriding claims handlers' estimates, which inflated reported profits and understated liabilities. No new rules were introduced; instead, it applies
What You Need To Do
- Review senior management oversight of claims handling; document all approvals and prohibit informal (e
- Enhance governance training for executives on personal liability under ASP, including simulations of reserving decisions and policyholder risk scenarios
- Assess historical exposures for under-reserving; remediate if needed, and prepare for potential CBI inquiries (noting 10+ year investigation timelines)
- Update conduct and culture frameworks to align with CBI expectations for CEOs to drive compliance, as per Deputy Governor Colm Kincaid's comments
Key Dates
2014 - CBI enforcement investigation into Mr Smith and RSAII commences.
December 2018 - CBI reprimands and fines RSAII โฌ3.5m for related breaches, including reserve failures.
November 2022 - CBI decides to hold an Inquiry into Mr Smith's participation under Part IIIC of the Central Bank Act 1942.
1 December 2025 - Reprimand and 13-year disqualification imposed on Mr Smith, effective immediately under IAF Act transitional provisions (no High Court confirmation needed).
12 December 2025 - CBI publishes public statement on the enforcement action.
Compliance Impact
Urgency: High โ This action signals intensified CBI scrutiny on individual accountability in insurance reserving, with 13-year bans possible for deliberate breaches risking policyholders, even without actual losses. It matters now (post-1 Dec 2025 effective date) as firms face elevated enforcement r
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Good evening. Thank you for the invitation to join you today. This evening I want to talk about economic resilience, what it is and whether we have enough of it. I spoke about economic resilience in my first speech as Governor โ 6 years ago โ and wrote to the Minister for Finance about it in early February this year. After everything thatโs happened since February, it feels timely to take stock of where we are. My conclusion is that we need to give it greater focus. Let me start by setting ou...
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New report outlines the Central Bankโs approach to more effective and efficient regulatory and supervisory framework, reducing complexity and improving clarity while maintaining resilience and important protections in the system. This work builds on the Central Bankโs strategy to transform regulation and supervision, including the introduction of our new integrated supervisory approach and the improvements made in our gatekeeping processes in recent years. The roadmap sets out a comprehensive...
The Central Bank of Ireland published a comprehensive multi-year roadmap on December 10, 2025, aimed at streamlining its regulatory and supervisory framework across four pillars: supervision, regulation, gatekeeping, and reporting. This initiative represents a strategic shift toward more effective and efficient oversight while explicitly maintaining resilience standards and consumer protections, responding to EU calls for regulatory reform to enhance competitiveness.
What Changed
The roadmap encompasses four major reform areas:
*Supervision: Implementation of a new integrated, risk-based supervisory approach** introduced in January 2025, consolidating multidisciplinary teams and sharpening risk focus with clearer supervisory communications. This delivers more coherent firm engagement, stronger proportionality, and streamlined processes.
*Regulation: Comprehensive updates to the domestic rulebook, including:
Insurance: Major compatibility review to eliminate duplication
What You Need To Do
- *Immediate actions for compliance professionals
- *Monitor consultation releases
- *Assess rulebook changes
- *Evaluate supervisory engagement
- *Prepare for gatekeeping changes
Key Dates
January 2025 - New integrated supervisory model became effective
2026 - Public consultation on new Regulatory Impact Assessment Framework
2026 to first half of 2028 - Multi-year programme implementation period for all roadmap initiatives
2025 - Strategic review of Industry Funding Levy approach (consultation expected during 2025)
Compliance Impact
Urgency: HIGH
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Good morning and welcome everyone. I am delighted to address the eighth meeting of this Forum. When the Forum was established three years ago, the goal was to bring together participants from across Ireland to build a shared approach to understanding and managing the systemic risks that climate change poses, while supporting the orderly transition of households and businesses to the net zero objective that weโre all familiar with. The Forum has come a long way in those three years. We have es...
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In this blog, Governor Gabriel Makhlouf writes about the development of the Digital Euro and how central banks foster trust and safety in the financial system and in the implementation of projects like the Digital Euro.
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The Central Bank of Ireland has today (5 December) launched a public consultation on the implementation of our new Access to Cash responsibilities. Deputy Governor Vasileios Madouros said: โAmid a rapidly evolving payments landscape, the Central Bank of Ireland is committed to making sure that cash continues to be readily available as a means of payment. Todayโs consultation is an important step towards the implementation of the Central Bankโs new responsibilities under the Access to Cash leg...
The Central Bank of Ireland has launched a public consultation on implementing new **Access to Cash** responsibilities under the Finance (Provision of Access to Cash Infrastructure) Act 2025, which commenced on 30 June 2025. This consultation addresses two critical areas: identifying local deficiencies in cash infrastructure and establishing minimum ATM service standards. The initiative reflects regulatory commitment to ensuring cash remains readily available as payment preferences shift toward digital channels.
What Changed
The consultation covers two primary regulatory components:
*1. Local Deficiency Guidelines**
The Central Bank will establish procedures for identifying geographical areas where individuals and SMEs face particular difficulties accessing cash, even where overall access-to-cash criteria are met. The guidelines will specify how the Central Bank receives notifications, undertakes assessments, and makes determinations regarding local deficiencies.
*2. ATM Service Standards and Operator Requirements
What You Need To Do
- *For designated credit institutions
- Monitor consultation developments and prepare for compliance with minimum cash infrastructure maintenance levels once regulations are finalized
- Prepare to provide quarterly data on ATM numbers, locations, and availability hours
- *For ATM operators
- Engage with the consultation process to provide feedback on proposed service standards
Key Dates
5 December 2025 โ 4 March 2026 โ Public consultation period for local deficiency guidelines and ATM service standards
30 June 2025 โ Finance (Provision of Access to Cash Infrastructure) Act 2025 commenced
Early 2026 โ First publication of quarterly cash infrastructure data expected
30 June 2026 โ Central Bank to publish local deficiency guidelines
2026 โ Central Bank to publish final ATM service standards regulations
Compliance Impact
Urgency: HIGH
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EPC Finance Limited - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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LiteLoans4U - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Wealthbayy - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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The Central Bank of Ireland has fined Coinbase Europe Limited โฌ21,464,734 for breaching its anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing transaction monitoring obligations between 2021 and 2025. The Central Bank of Ireland (the Central Bank) has fined Coinbase Europe Limited (Coinbase Europe) โฌ21,464,734 for breaching its anti-money laundering (AML) and combatting terrorist financing (CFT) obligations with respect to transaction monitoring as required by the Criminal Justice (Money L...
The Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) fined Coinbase Europe Limited โฌ21,464,734 for AML/CFT transaction monitoring failures under the Criminal Justice (Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) Act 2010 (CJA 2010), involving over 30 million unmonitored transactions worth โฌ176 billion from April 2021 to March 2025. This marks CBI's first enforcement against a crypto firm, highlighting regulators' focus on robust real-time monitoring and timely Suspicious Transaction Reporting (STR) for virtual asset service providers (VASPs). It matters as it sets a precedent for EU crypto compliance amid MiCA and AMLA implementation, signaling increased scrutiny and potential multimillion-euro penalties for similar lapses.
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What Changed
This is an enforcement action, not new legislation, but it reinforces existing CJA 2010 requirements for VASPs: ongoing transaction monitoring, immediate STR filing to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and Revenue Commissioners upon suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing, and adoption of internal policies/controls to prevent/detect financial crime. Key breaches included: misconfigured monitoring systems missing 30,442,437 transactions (31% of activity over 12 months); delayed r
What You Need To Do
- Conduct Gap Analysis
- Enhance Controls
- Accelerate STR Processes
- Board/Compliance Reporting
- Third-Party Review
Key Dates
23 April 2021 - 19 March 2025 Period of breaches, including 12-month window of unmonitored โฌ176 billion transactions.
5 November 2025 Settlement reached between CBI and Coinbase Europe.
6 November 2025 CBI public announcement and Settlement Notice published.
12 January 2026 High Court confirmed sanctions, making them final and effective.
CJA 2010 obligations remain perpetual.
Compliance Impact
Urgency: High โ This establishes a โฌ21.5m benchmark for VASP monitoring failures in the EU, with risks amplified by MiCA (effective 2024) and AMLA (2025 onward), where national regulators like CBI will enforce harmonized rules. Firms risk similar fines (30% settlement discount possible), reputationa
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Deutsche Bank Wealth Management (CLONE) / Deutsche Bank AG (CLONE) / DB UK Bank Limited (CLONE) - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Rates Finderโ Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Quilter Cheviot Europe Limited (CLONE) - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Fir
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Barclays Wealth (Clone) โ Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Magnum Options - Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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LSFX Limited/ LightStocksFX- Central Bank of Ireland Issues Warning on Unauthorised Firm
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Following a satisfactory review of the data submitted by banks and credit unions, to the Central Credit Register, the initial enquiry phase has now commenced. This means that from today borrowers and lenders can request a copy of credit reports from the Central Credit Register. Data on mortgages, personal loans, credit cards and overdrafts, which is backdated to 30 June 2017, is live on the system and is incorporated into credit reports. From 30 September 2018 it will be compulsory for credit...
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